Essay on Code of Ethics and Security Case Study - 1600 Words

Code of Ethics and Security Case Study December 20, 2010 Abstract As we examine the case of â€Å"Cop Gets 15 Years in Torture Case†, we evaluate from four different perspectives the different ethical theories; ethical relativism, ethical egoism, deontological ethics and ontological ethics to determine how the different perspectives support or condemn the conduct in this case study. The case involves the brutal sodomizing of a black male Haitian immigrant, Abner Louima by two white New York police officers in 1997 (Hays, 2000). Upon review of each perspective, we will recommend which ethical theory resolves the issue in a manner that supports the actions of the officers. Code of Ethics and Security Case Study This case study†¦show more content†¦39). By pleading not guilty to the charges, he served his own interests even though he was very much involved in the torture. According to definition, ethical egoism does not have to be harmful and Schwarz’s egoism is again a perfect example because the charges against his partner, Officer Justin Volpe, was not necessarily more due to the lesser sentence Judge Eugene Nickerson imposed on Schwarz. Deontological Ethics In Greek Deontos translates to mean â€Å"obligation† or â€Å"duty.† Therefore, the deontological theory is also known as the obligation theory. â€Å"Deontological theorists judge the rightness or wrongness of an act on the basis of its obligatory nature† (Souryal, 2007, p. 70). Deontological theorists are not concerned with the consequences of action, nor are they concerned that the action may have been wrong or harmful. Furthermore, according to Souryal (2007), â€Å"assisting others is considered ethically right and no other consideration makes it wrong. The fact that assistance may later prove to be harmful makes no difference in the moral equation.† Consequently, deontological theorist would not have condemned the actions of officer Schwarz. Deontological theorists would view his action as correct because he had a duty to assist his fellow officer in the attack. Deontological theorists are not concerned with the result of act ion, or inShow MoreRelatedEthics Case Study : Paradyne1159 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Case Study: Paradyne By Ali Khan for EE4400 1 Background Every good engineer will be ruled by ethics and moral code. Honesty towards his client and fellow team mates is a must for any good engineer. While building designs and turning innovative ideas into reality require dedication and passion. Engineers in their day to day work face hardships and difficult decisions. We spend long and hard days at work. Solving problems in given limited resources and time does make life difficult and goodRead MoreThe Case Study B When Best Interests Of Client Harm A Third911 Words   |  4 PagesIn the case study B, â€Å"When ‘Best Interests of Client’ Harm a Third†, the ethical dilemma existing is best interest of client vs. obligation to nonmaleficence. According to the NASW Code of Ethics, there is no specific legal code that actually addresses the decision making dilemma. There is the legal code section 1.01, Commitment to Clients however, it does not effectively support and guide Suzanne’s worker in this particular case despite the discussion of the â€Å"responsibility to the larger society†Read MoreAssisted Living Community : Betty Jo1708 Words   |  7 Pageshealthcare providers and family. She is an 85 years old and a widow of 3 years from her beloved husband of over 50 years. 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The code of ethics in Australia, is aRead More Computer Ethics Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Ethics A Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics (see Appendix A) was first presented by Dr. Ramon C. Barquins in his paper for the Computer Ethics Institute of the Brookings Institution entitled, In Pursuit of a Ten Commandments for Computer Ethics in May of 1992. Computer ethics is about principles related to behavior and decisions made by computer professionals and users, including software engineers, operators, managers, policy makers, as well as educators and students. This meansRead MoreAn Effective Information Security Program1289 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation security, by making them take the initiative in protecting information. This creates an information security culture in which everybody undertakes accountability for security. 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The above conditions, which ethics adopt, it is very essentialRead MoreEthical Dilemma Faced By Reliance Industries Limited 1143 Words   |  5 PagesEthical dilemma Faced By Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) Ethics is the mixture of honesty, lucidity and morality. It’s the study of business policy and practices regarding potentially controversial issues such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, CSR , sexual harassment, etc. Reliance industries Limited Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian multinational company which is in Mumbai, India. The company works in 5 major segments: exploration and productionRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1539 Words   |  7 Pagesbeneficial in many ways, it has also increased a threat that these things might be breached by individuals so called ‘Black hat hackers’, who violate computer security to steal personal information or even completely damage the computer system (Moore, 2014). 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Gender Stereotyping The Development Of Gender Stereotypes

Very few people understand the development of gender stereotyping and how it impacts the younger generation. Gender stereotypes are social expectations of how female and males should act. They are cultural interpretation about how females should be characterized as feminine and like pink, and how boys are stereotyped to be masculine and like the color blue. However, these stereotypes are not natural because they are socially constructed. Social construction is an idea or practice that a group of people agree exist within that society or community. Social constructions have existed from the day everyone was born and is always around us. Boys were wrapped in a blue towel and while girls were wrapped in a pink towel. It is also deemed as†¦show more content†¦Additionally, these gender related categories also seemed to be implemented in households. Each member of the family is given a role based on their gender. The ideal American household is the nuclear family, a pair of heter osexual parents with two children, with the mother as the caretaker and the father as the breadwinner. In 2013, Bakermans-Kraneburg, Berkel, Endendijik, Groeneveld, Hallers-Haalboom, and Mesman created an experiment about gender roles in families (2013). In their research, they concluded that â€Å"associations between parental gender stereotypes and children’s attitudes about gender can be most readily observed with similar types of measures for parents and children (Bakermans-Kraneburg et al. 2013, pg 587), this meant that parents play an important role in gender stereotyping. The research also showed that there was a correlation between education and implicating gender stereotypes; that â€Å"lower maternal educational level was related to stronger explicit attitudes about gender in both parents† (Bakermans-Kraneburg et al. 2013, pg 585). However, this gender stereotypes clichà © can be changed through experience and education. According to Copping, Kinlaw, Kurtz-Costes and Rowley’s research about gender stereotype awareness in children among different age groups (2013). They found that â€Å"in-group bias having a greater influence among younger children† (Copping et al. 2013, pgShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Gender And Stereotyping Of The Sexes Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how the role of gender and the stereotypes of the sexes relate. I will also discuss the child’s perception of their male and female superiors and in the way they carry out their own behavior in regards to what has been introduced to them. In this paper I want to also expand on the basic stereotypes that we as individuals portray toward a gender. Gender and stereotyping is among a broad spectrum. There is an expansive amount of content, but the concept still remains theRead MoreNegative Effects Of T oys1004 Words   |  5 Pagesare categorizing children’s toys by gender, using colors and advertising products in a certain way, leading to gender stereotyping, which is putting the â€Å"boy and girl† labels on toys. â€Å"By the mid-1990s, however, gendered advertising had returned to 1950s-levels, and it continued to grow in the 2000s† (Robb). These rates have gone up over the years and continue to cause negative effects on children’s development. However, some people say otherwise that gender specific toys are a way to make it easierRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. 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The process of gender social ization and the content of gender stereotypes has great importance not only for the life of an individual, but also for the progressive development ofRead MoreGender Portrayal Of Gender Roles953 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent within advertising. Because advertisements in the media frequently rely on gender roles to promote products and services (Eisend, 2010), research examining the effects of gender portrayals in advertising has become increasingly important in the social and behavioralRead MoreBefore Diving Into The Current State Of Male Roles In Advertising,1322 Words   |  6 PagesBefore diving into the current state of male roles in advertising, it is necessary to review past gender stereotypes and how they have developed in the past. Lookin g at advertising through the media from a social determinist standpoint, the existing cultural and social values and progresses are what determine how gender roles are portrayed in media. This would go against the cultivation theory notion that the media used to portray men and women are what shape our cultural and social ideologiesRead MoreToy Evaluation Paper650 Words   |  3 Pagessummaries on toys that may encourage violence and aggression, toys that may promote pro-social behavior, gender stereotyping in toy selection, and cultural stereotyping or, lack of cultural awareness in toys. Influenced Behaviors; Toys can influence a child’s behavior, and his or her identity. Children are given toys that demonstrate different significance about aggression, different genders and how to interact with each other. An example would be guns and swords; these are geared toward boysRead MoreWomen s Portrayal Of Female Stereotypes1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Female Stereotypes Portrayed in Media Women have always suffered from the overgeneralization of their associated stereotypes throughout media. They have been shown to be objectified in music and movies and having set unrealistic expectations through magazines and commercials. Females are also often inherently taught growing up within society that they have to behave a certain way, dress a certain way, and overall become a certain way. Many people fail to realize that female stereotypes has a lot

Principle of Business Analytics

Question: Discuss about thePrinciple of Business Analytics. Answer: Introduction The present task involves an analysis of the different descriptive techniques used for business analytics. The business analytics process uses different types of descriptive statistical techniques. Some of the techniques are discussed as follows: Univariate Methods Numerical Techniques Technique : Median Purpose : the median divides the set of data points into two equal halves, such that half of the data points are above the value and half are below the value. Functionality : Arrange all the number in ascending order. If the total number of data in the data set is odd then the median is the middle number. When the total number of data in the data set is even then the median is the mean of the middle two numbers Assumptions : It is assumed that the data is normally distributed. Method of Validation : the data is plotted on a histogram and checked for normality of the data. The median point would divide the normal histogram into two equal halves. Sample use case : find the median in family income (Ackerman, Fries and Windle 2012). Technique : Standard Deviation Purpose : To find the dispersion of the data points from the mean Functionality : Find the mean. Subtract the data point from the mean. Square the results of the subtract. Find the mean of the squared result. Assumptions : It is assumed that the data is normally distributed. Method of Validation : find the standard deviation to predict the dispersion of the data points. Sample Use Case : find the dispersion in service time at hospitals (Gijo and Antony 2014). Graphical Method Technique : Box Plot Purpose :For the purpose of comparing of two or more data sets. Functionality : calculate the five numbered summary. Create a line plot of the five numbered summary. Create a box from the 25th to the 75 percentile summaries. Mark a vertical line at the median summary. Assumptions : It is assumed that the data is normally distributed Method of Validation : create the box plots and compare the five numbered summaries Sample Use Case : compare the median values of release of CO2 and NOx based on date of manufacture (Carslaw et al. 2013). Bivariate Methods Technique : Regression Analysis Purpose : to formulate the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables. Functionality :find the product of the dependent variable and independent variable. Find the square of the dependent variable and independent variables. Calculate the intercept and the slope of the regression line. Assumptions : the data is normally distributed. Method of Validation : find the regression equation and predict the dependent variable. Sample Use Case : to predict the future energy consumptions in a supermarket (Braun, Altan and Beck 2014). References Ackerman, R.A., Fries, G. and Windle, R.A., 2012. Changes in US family finances from 2007 to 2010: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 100, pp.1-80. Braun, M.R., Altan, H. and Beck, S.B.M., 2014. Using regression analysis to predict the future energy consumption of a supermarket in the UK. Applied Energy, 130, pp.305-313. Carslaw, D.C., Williams, M.L., Tate, J.E. and Beevers, S.D., 2013. The importance of high vehicle power for passenger car emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 68, pp.8-16. Gijo, E.V. and Antony, J., 2014. Reducing patient waiting time in outpatient department using lean six sigma methodology. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 30(8), pp.1481-1491.

study Essay Example

study Essay Measuring supply chain management practices Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, Alceu Gomes Alves Filho, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana and Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour is Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Alceu Gomes Alves Filho is Full Professor in Industrial Engineering in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana is Associate Professor in Business Administration and Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour is Assistant Professor of Business Administration, both at The University of Sao Paulo Business School Ribeirao preto (FEA-RP/USP), Summary Purpose This paper aims to perform an empirical investigation about the constructs and indicators of the supply chain management practices framework. survey that was carried out on 107 Brazilian companies. Statistical techniques were employed to verify, validate, and test the reliability of the constructs and their indicators. To validate this framework principal component analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used. Findings In general, previous studies uggest six constructs for measuring the supply chain management practices framework. However, in this study a framework was achieved with four constructs of supply chain management practices, namely, supply chain (SC) integration for production planning and control (PPC) support, information sharing about products and targeting strategies, strategic relationship with customer and supplier, and support customer order. This framework has adequate levels of validity and reliability. We will write a custom essay sample on study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study was that only a small sample of companies in a single sector and country were surveyed, and herefore there needs to be further research considering the special conditions in other countries. Originality/value This study investigated statistically set indicators to discuss the topic supply chain management practices. The framework obtained has good quality of validity and reliability indicators. Thus, an alternative framework has been added to measure supply chain management practices, which is currently a popular topic in the supply chain mainstream literature. Both defined constructs and the validated indicators can be used in other studies on supply chain management. Keywords Supply chain management, Working practices, Performance measurement (quality), Brazil Paper type Research paper 1. Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is an integrated approach beginning with planning and control of materials, logistics, services, and information stream from suppliers to manufacturers or service providers to the end client; it represents a most important change in business management practices (Fantazy et al. 2010). SCM is one of the most effective ways for firms to improve their performance (Ou et al. , 2010). With the purpose of managing the supply chain actions for realizing improvement in nterprise performance, it is necessary to improve the planning and management of activities such as materials planning, inventory management, capacity planning, and logistics (Chandra and Kumar, 2000) with suppliers and clients. Currently, the topics that can be considered essential to research suggestions in SCM include: supply chain coordination, distribution and transport, inventory, order management, planning and optimization, supply chain integration, reverse logistics, supply chain information, supplier and vender selection, and green SCM (Hu et al. , 2010). PAGE 18 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011, pp. 8-31, Q Emerald Group publishing Limited, ISSN 1368-3047 While interest in SCM is increasing day-by-day, there is no consensus about the conceptual and methodological research bases of SCM, generating gaps in the state- of-the-art of this research field (Burgess et al. , 2006). It is impossible to develop sound SCM theory without acceptable frameworks and definitions of terms (Stock and Boyer, 2009). In addition, the lack of a comprehensive view of SCM practices and the lack of a reliable measure of the concept have constrained guidelines to the practice f SCM and further research on the topic (Li et al. 2005). For this reason, the validation of SCM practices issue has been attracting the attention of researchers. For example, Li et al. (2005) conceptualize, develop, and validate dimensions of SCM practices constructs. Nonetheless, there are no unanimities in determining the set of indicators that can adequately address the topic Supply Chain Management Practices. Studies performed by Halley and Beaulieu (2010), Bayraktar et al. (2009), Hsu et al. (2009), Robb et al. (2008), Chow et al. (2008), Koh et al. (2007), Zhou and Benton (2007), wong et al. 005), -ran et al. (2002) and Tan (2002) pointed out different types of indicators and constructs used. Therefore, studying SCM practices can contribute to finding a better understanding about SCM. Hence, this paper aims to do an empirical investigation of the constructs and indicators of the SCM practices framework. The following sections include a brief literature review on SCM practices (section 2), methodological proc edures (section 3), analyses and discussions (section 4), and finally, conclusions (section 5). 2. Literature background A high level of confusion has occurred amongst supply chain scholars during the ast decades by the several SCM definitions that have been proposed in the literature (Stock and Boyer, 2009). Three key subjects emerged from the various definitions: activities, benefits, and constituents/components. The first theme of SCM definitions, activities, contains the flow of materials and information, and networks of relationships, focusing on both internal (within the organization) and external (outside the organization). Second, the benefits resulting from effective implementation of SCM strategies are to add value and increase customer satisfaction. Third, the components or constituent parts of SCM; what organizations, unctions and processes involve the supply chain (Stock et al. , 2010). SCM practices are defined as the set of activities undertaken by an organization to promote effective management of its supply chain (Li et al. , 2005, 2006; Koh et al. , 2007); as the approaches applied in integration, managing and coordination of supply, demand and relationships in order to satisfy clients in effective way (Wong et al. 2005); as tangible activities/technologies that have a relevant role in the collaboration of a focal involve suppliers in decision making, encouraging information, sharing and looking or new ways to integrate upstream activities. As a consequence, it involves developing customer contacts by customer feedback to integrate the downstream activities and delivering orders directly to c ustomers (Chow et al. , 2008). In this sense, studying SCM practices supports the view theory regarding SCM. Relevant initiatives to identify and validate SCM practices have been reported, but it is worth noting that there is no pattern in defining and adopting indicators and constructs for SCM practices. Tan et al. (2002) and Tan (2002) identified 24 SCM practices from previous studies and formed six constructs: . supply chain integration; 2. information sharing; 3. supply chain characteristics; VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE PAGE 19 4. customer service management; 5. geographical proximity; and 6. JIT capability. They used a five-point Likert scale to measure the importance of these practices. Wong et al. (2005) proposed like indicators of SCM practices in their study: B supply chain performance; product differentiation; lead time management; postponement and customization; inventory and cost management; bullwhip effects; information sharing and coordination; buyer-seller relationship; etail strategy; and SCM initiatives. They used a case study and the practices based on the toy industry. Six distinctive constructs of SCM practices emerged, including strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, information sharing, information quality, internal lean practices and postponement. All the items were measured on a five-point scale (Li et al. , 2005, 2006). Zhou and Benton (2007) consider three constructs of supply chain practices (supply chain planning, Just-in-time OIT) production, and delivery practice), because they have been shown to be closely related to delivery performance. Each statement required responses based on a seven-point Likert scale (1 h not implemented, 7 h extensively implemented). A list of SCM constructs used in previous literature regarding the SCM practices is relying on the extant literature. Koh et al. (2007) and Bayraktars et al. 2009) studies identify a set of 12 SCM practices: close partnership with suppliers, close partnership with customers, Just in time supply, strategic planning, supply chain benchmarking, few suppliers, holding safety stock, e-procurement, outsourcing, subcontracting, 3PL, many suppliers. Items were measured on five-point scales anging from 1 (not at all implemented) to 5 (fully implemented). Koh et al. (2007) m easuring two constructs and Bayraktar et al. (2009) measuring three constructs. A five-point interval rating scale system was used by Chow et al. 2008) with 5 equaling the highest extent or degree. The constructs were: customer and supplier management; communication and speed; and information sharing. Robb et al. (2008) considered four constructs in their research: 1 . customer relationships; 2. supplier relationships; 3. e-commerce; and 4. enterprise software. They used a seven-point Likert scale. PAGE 20 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE VOL. 5 NO. 2 2011 In research performed by Hsu et al. (2009), respondents were asked to indicate on a five-point Likert scale (1 low, 5 high), the importance of each practice in their firm. The indicators were: increase suppliers Just in time capabilities; participating in sourcing decisions; geographical proximity of suppliers; formal information sharing agreements; improving the integration of activities; searching for new ways for integration; communicating future strategic needs; on-time delivery; and reducing response time. Halley and Beaulieu (2010) used four constructs (nesting, collaboration, financial ncorporation, and distancing) along with 13 indicators from the five-point Likert scale. Table I summarizes the theoretical studies of constructs pointed out in this section. Table II shows the constructs, the indicators and conceptual meaning used in this paper to measure and validate the SCM practices framework. The selection of constructs and indicators was based on research to reconcile the concepts of SCM (Stock et al. , 2010; Chandra and Kumar, 2000), in which they considered the necessity to manage, plan and control production and inventory, i. e. the flow of information nd materials; the definition of SCM practices (Wong et al. 2005; Chow et al. , 2008), the managed integration and coordination of supply, demand and relationships; and the most commonly found constructs and the indicators (Bayraktar et al. , 2009; Robb et al. , 2008; Chow et al. , 2008; Koh et al. , 2007; Zhou and Benton, 2007; Li et al. , 2006, 2005; Tan et al. , 2002; Tan, 2002). Taking this into consideration, the constructs considered were: supply chain integration, information sharing, custom er service management, customer relationship, supplier relationship and postponement. 3. Methodology 3. 1 Survey design In order to assess the construct of the SCM practices, a questionnaire was developed from a review of literature (Table II), and the respondents were asked to evaluate each question in terms of the level of implementation of each specific practice in their company. A five-point Likert scale (1 non-implemented and 5 totally implemented) was adopted because there are many researches uses the same method. Prior to this, a pre-test was given to professionals in the SC over a 65-day period, and from this pre-test some necessary adjustments were done to the questionnaire in order to make the questions clearer. The questionnaire was sent out to 532 different companies via personalized e-mails. In all, 107 companies responded (response rate only e-mails were sent to each of the 532 companies up to three times each. The participating companies were classified according to the position they occupy in their supply chain as follows: raw material supplier, component supplier, assembly company, distributor, or retailer. The companies were also classified according to their size (micro company, small company, medium company, and large company) and the predominant bargaining power in their major supply chain. The data were collected through an e-survey (internet-based survey) conducted with one respondent from each company (from different areas, such as marketing, operations, supply, and sales departments) of several different segments of the Brazilian VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE PAGE 21 Table I Summaries of the theoretical studies of constructs pointed out in this research Author(s) Research objective Construct Context Scale -ran (2002) The first objective was to derive a set of SCM practices and compare how practitioners ranked these practices to enhance competitive position. The second objective was o identify and compare the major concerns in implementing a successful SCM program. Finally, the third objective attempted to identify the practices and the concerns associated with successful supply chains The article described a survey effort to study contemporary supply evaluation practices. This also related these practices to firm performance The study explored SCM practices of toy supply chains, and revealed their practical and theoretical gaps The purpose of research was to develop and validate a parsimonious measurement instrument for SCM practices The purpose of study therefore to empirically test a framework dentifying the relationships among SCM practices, competitive advantage and organizational The purpose of study was to investigate: the relationship between information sharing and supply chain practice: the influence of supply chain dynamism on information sharing and supply chain practice; and the impact of chain practice on delivery determine the underlying dimensions of SCM practices and to empirically test a framework SCM practices, operational performance and SCM-related organizational performance with special emphasis on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey Study sought to determine the nderlying dimensions of SCM and IS practices. Next, empirically test a framework identifying the causal links among SCM and IS practices, SCM and Is-related inhibitors operational performance Information sharing Supply chain characteristic Customer service management Geographical proximity JIT capability Different industries Five-point Likert None Toy industry retail (volatile None demand) Strategic supplier partnership Customer relationship Information quality Internal lean practices Postponement Supply chain plan JIT production Delivery practices Seven-point Strategic collaboration and lean practices Outsourcing and multi-suppliers